English Bond and Flemish Bond – Features & Difference

English Bond and Flemish Bond – Features & Difference The English bond and the Flemish bond are the two most common types of brick masonry used in wall construction. An English bond is formed by a brick construction pattern with alternate brick courses laid as stretchers and headers....

Types of Foundation

Classification of Foundation On the basis of depth, foundations are broadly classified into two categories. Shallow foundation Deep foundation Shallow foundation : "The foundation is known as the shallow foundation that immediately beneath the lowest part of the structure,...

How to calculate cement sand and aggregate quantity in concrete

Quantities of materials for concrete such as cement, sand, and aggregates for production of required quantity of concrete of given mix proportions such as 1:2:4 (M15), 1:1.5: 3 (M20), 1:1:2 (M25). We assume that we have 30 cft volume of concrete and the mixing ratio is 1:2:4 (M15). So...

What is foundation ? purposes of Foundation and factor effects on Foundation

Many structures like dams, bridges, buildings, roads, etc are created by civil engineers to serve our numerous necessities. Structures apply load on soil on which they rest.This part of the structure is called sub-structure. Sub-structure is usually called...